Abstract: In order to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of multi-ethnic traditional villages, 141 multi-ethnic traditional villages in Lintan County, Gannan Prefecture were taken as the research object, and the ArcGIS10.5 was taken as the technology platform.Using ArcGIS 10.5 as the technical platform, employing methods such as nearest neighbor index, nuclear density estimation, and spatial overlay analysis, this study explores the influencing factors of the spatial distribution of multi-ethnic traditional villages, including natural environmental elements such as terrain, slope, elevation, and river systems, as well as human conditions such as population structure, historical migration patterns, and road transportation.The research findings are as follows: The spatial distribution of multi-ethnic traditional villages in Lintan County as a whole presents a cohesive distribution type, and the spatial distribution of traditional villages is characterized by overall agglomeration with strong significance; The natural environment and human environment are the internal driving forces that affect the spatial distribution of multi-ethnic traditional villages in Lintan County; The abrupt driving forces that affect the distribution pattern of multi-ethnic villages are the evolution and migration of ethnic groups, military wars, and the differentiation and integration among ethnic groups.On this basis, this paper puts forward suggestions for promoting comprehensive and systematic protection planning and development of traditional villages in multi-ethnic regions.