Objective To reveal the driving mechanisms and evolutionary patterns of green transformation in comprehensive transportation hubs.

Method This study takes the Lanzhou Comprehensive Transportation Hub as the research object and constructs a system dynamics model encompassing four subsystems: regional economy, comprehensive transportation, energy consumption, and environmental carrying capacity. Based on the VENSIM PLE platform, scenarios such as transportation structure adjustment, intensified environmental policies, enhanced technological investment, and synergistic development are established to conduct dynamic simulations of hub transportation efficiency, pollutant emissions, and economic output.

Result Solely adjusting the transportation structure has a weak inhibitory effect on pollutant emissions, with limited carbon intensity improvement. Increasing the environmental policy tightness coefficient can significantly reduce pollutant emissions while maintaining economic growth. Raising the technological investment coefficient can reduce carbon emissions per turnover by 32.7%, simultaneously enhancing economic growth effects. The synergistic development scenario performs best in emission reduction, efficiency improvement, and system optimization.

Conclusion The green transformation of the Lanzhou Comprehensive Transportation Hub should be jointly advanced through policy regulation, technological progress, and transportation structure optimization, providing quantitative support for the green upgrading of land port-type comprehensive transportation hubs in western China and related policy formulation.