流匹配混合DiT驱动的可扩展金属有机框架生成

Flow-Matching Hybrid DiT for Scalable Metal-Organic Framework Generation

  • 摘要: 近年来,生成式模型的快速发展为新型金属有机框架(MOF)结构的发现提供了全新的研究范式。为了进一步探索MOF结构的多样性和扩展其化学空间的探索边界,本文提出了一种引入流匹配的混合Diffusion Transformer模型(BHDiT),并构建面向MOF结构生成的工作流程。采用BHDiT对3D分子结构的原子特征序列化表示,并结合3D-ROPE位置编码以增强几何感知能力。在QM9数据集上的实验结果表明,模型在保持生成结构质量的同时,提升了唯一性和新颖性。在MOF构建块数据集上,当采样步数为100、500和1 000时,生成有效率分别为78.95%、82.76%、83.29%,唯一性和新颖性分别达到99.67%和99.48%,对于原子数超过50的复杂结构,有效率可达50.2%。MOF生成工作流通过预测MOF结构的构建块组成,生成新MOF结构。Zeo++计算结果分析表明,该方法通过提升构建块多样性,增强了生成MOF结构的多样性,扩展了深度生成模型在MOF结构设计的应用潜力。

     

    Abstract: Recent advances in deep generative models have opened up new opportunities for the discovery of novel metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). To better explore MOF structural diversity and expand their accessible chemical space, we propose BHDiT, a hybrid Diffusion Transformer with flow matching for building-block generation, and integrate it into an end-to-end workflow for MOF structure generation. BHDiT encodes 3D molecular structures as sequences of atomic coordinates and features and introduces 3D Rotary Positional Encoding (3D-RoPE) to enhance geometric awareness. On QM9, BHDiT improves uniqueness and novelty while maintaining competitive structural quality. On a MOF building-block dataset, it achieves validity rates of 78.95%, 82.76%, and 83.29% at 100, 500, and 1 000 sampling steps, respectively, achieving uniqueness of 99.67% and novelty of 99.48%. Notably, the model retains a 50.2% validity rate even for structures exceeding 50 atoms. The proposed workflow generates MOFs by predicting building-block compositions and assembling them into complete structures. Zeo++ analysis further indicates that increasing building-block diversity can effectively enhance the diversity of generated MOFs, underscoring the promise of deep generative models for MOF design.

     

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