斜坡类地质灾害隐患遥感识别以北京西山地区为例

Identification of Slope Geological Hazards based on Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Xishan Area, Beijing

  • 摘要: 北京地区斜坡类灾害具有数量多、规模小、形变弱、影响大等特征,当前仍存在大量未知的崩塌、滑坡隐患亟需开展灾害早期识别,以提升地质灾害风险管控能力。综合利用光学遥感、时序InSAR、实景三维、机载LiDAR等前沿遥感技术,分析总结了北京西山地区斜坡类地质灾害隐患遥感识别特征,成功识别了一批崩塌、滑坡隐患,分析了隐患分布特征和发育规律。研究结果表明:利用综合遥感技术开展小规模、弱形变的崩塌、滑坡灾害早期识别是有效且可靠的;目前高分光学遥感仍是崩塌隐患的主要识别方法,时序InSAR技术和高分光学遥感是滑坡隐患的核心方法,实景三维模型和机载LiDAR真实地形模型是判识灾害隐患的重要辅助数据;煤矿采空区引发的地面沉降是北京西山地区滑坡隐患发育的重要影响因素。

     

    Abstract: Landslide-related hazards in Beijing are characterized by large quantity, small scale, weak deformation, and significant impact. Currently, there are still a large number of unknown collapse hazards and landslide hazards, and early identification of these hazards is urgently needed to improve the risk management and control capabilities of geological hazards. By comprehensively utilizing cutting-edge remote sensing technologies such as optical remote sensing, time-series InSAR, real-scene 3D modeling, and airborne LiDAR, this study analyzes and summarizes the remote sensing identification features of landslide-related geological hazards in the Xishan area of Beijing. A number of collapse hazards and landslide hazards are successfully identified, and the distribution characteristics and development laws of these hazards are analyzed. The research results show that: The application of integrated remote sensing technologies for early identification of small-scale and weak-deformation collapse hazards and landslide hazards is effective and reliable; At present, high-resolution optical remote sensing remains the primary method for identifying collapse hazards, while time-series InSAR technology and high-resolution optical remote sensing are the core methods for landslide hazards. Real-scene 3D models and airborne LiDAR-derived true terrain models are important auxiliary data for identifying hazard hidden dangers; Ground subsidence induced by coal mine goafs is a significant influencing factor for the development of landslide hazards in the Xishan area of Beijing.

     

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