考虑用户行为特性的电动汽车V2G充电站规划

Optimal Planning of V2G-Enabled EV Charging Stations Considering User Behavior Characteristics

  • 摘要: 针对电动汽车大规模接入对交通网与配电网带来的双重协同压力,以及现有充电站选址规划忽视用户时空随机性、有限理性及车辆到电网(V2G)技术经济潜力等问题,提出一种计及用户微观行为特性与V2G协同潜力的选址定容规划策略。基于出行链理论与概率分布构建精细化的车辆时空行为模型,并引入韦伯-费希纳定律量化用户对充电价格、时间及排队的心理响应度;同时,构建涵盖建设运维成本、用户广义损失及人为因素关联成本的综合目标函数,采用引入“贪婪修剪”策略的改进模因算法对模型进行求解。算例仿真结果表明,所提策略在保障用户满意度的前提下,通过V2G协同调度使系统年化总成本降低了3.8%(约34.5万元),其中V2G反向放电产生的直接经济收益达11.4万元;改进模因算法较未考虑V2G协同与用户心理行为的传统遗传算法的寻优精度提升了10.0%。综合考虑用户心理行为与V2G协同的规划策略能有效规避设施冗余,提升系统的经济性与调节能力,为实现交通网与电网的互动融合提供了决策参考。

     

    Abstract: To address the dual pressure on transportation and power networks caused by the large-scale integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs), and the limitations of existing charging station planning that neglects user spatio-temporal stochasticity, bounded rationality, and the techno-economic potential of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, this paper proposes a location and capacity planning strategy considering user microscopic behavioral characteristics and V2G collaborative potential. A refined spatio-temporal behavior model for vehicles is constructed based on travel chain theory and probability distribution. The Weber-Fechner Law is introduced to quantify user psychological responsiveness to charging prices, time, and queuing. Furthermore, a comprehensive objective function is established, encompassing construction and maintenance costs, generalized user losses, and human-factor associated costs. An improved Memetic Algorithm (MA) integrated with a "greedy pruning" strategy is employed to solve the model.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed strategy reduces the annualized total system cost by 3.8% (approximately 345,000 RMB) through V2G collaborative scheduling while ensuring user satisfaction. Specifically, the direct economic benefit from V2G reverse discharge reaches 114,000 RMB. Compared to traditional genetic algorithms that ignore V2G coordination and user psychological behavior, the optimization accuracy of the improved MA is enhanced by 10.0%. The planning strategy, which integrates user psychological behavior and V2G coordination, effectively avoids facility redundancy and improves the system's economic efficiency and regulation capability. It provides a decision-making reference for the interactive integration of transportation and power networks.

     

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