Abstract: Using data from the China Household Tracking Survey（CFPS）,this study employs the consumer lifestyle method to measure household carbon emissions in China from 2014 to 2020.A two-way fixed-effects panel model is utilized to analyze the impact of household debt on carbon emissions and its underlying mechanisms.The results indicate that household carbon emissions in China have been increasing year by year, with indirect emissions accounting for the majority.Household debt significantly contributes to carbon emissions, with a 1-unit increase in leverage leading to a 9.5% rise in emissions.Risk attitudes amplify the positive relationship between household debt and carbon emissions.Furthermore, income inequality, constrained consumption structures, and the expansion of social networks are identified as key mechanisms through which household debt drives carbon emissions.The negative effects of debt on carbon emissions are more pronounced among urban households, households in eastern regions, and those experiencing financial exclusion.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen supervision of household debt, develop inclusive finance, implement differentiated green credit policies and accelerate the development of new productive forces to achieve a "win-win" situation in reducing household debt risks and carbon emissions.