Abstract: Heavy-haul railway has been the mainstream direction of freight transport development at home and abroad, and at present, some heavy-haul line in China have a single-line railway with empty and heavy train working conditions running together.This paper is based on the actual operation of an existing single line railway with common running conditions for empty and heavy trains, demonstrates and analyzes the running performance of the working conditions of empty and heavy trains under the reverse curve section of the common running line with long grades, to provide theoretical support and safety evaluation for the engineering application.The results show that: Under the heavy load conditions, the train can be 100 km/h speed through the long ramp reverse curve, in the empty condition, The train should have a speed limit of 80 km/h in this reverse curve section; through the reverse curve section of the running performance analysis and research, in the design of heavy railway new line, the mitigating curve length of the heavy direction can be used in the design of heavy railway specification with the relevant provisions, the mitigating curve length of connecting with a small radius curve of 600 m in the direction of the empty vehicle is recommended: take the value of more than 80 m.